13 Nevertheless, PASAT scores correlate with brain volume (BV) cross-sectionally. 11 12 This practice effect makes interpretation of true treatment effects difficult 10 13 and accentuates the ceiling effect in patients with higher baseline scores who anyway have limited room for further improvement in contrast to those with low baseline scores who can further improve at subsequent visits. 8–10 However, at repeated administrations, a significant practice effect has been reported resulting in increased mean PASAT scores in both the active and control groups over time.
#Brain app 32 serial
3 Over the last two decades, the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), as part of the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite score, has been the most commonly used test to evaluate attentional function in MS clinical trials. 4–7 The cognitive functions preferentially affected in MS include attention, information processing efficiency and speed, executive functioning, and long-term memory.
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1 In addition to motor symptoms, cognitive impairment is prevalent in all stages of MS, 2 3 including early relapsing-remitting disease and clinically isolated syndromes. The majority of patients manifest with a relapsing-remitting disease course but progress to a more progressive and degenerative stage of the disease within a decade. Symptoms of the disease are widespread and largely dependent on the location of the lesions and the extent of inflammatory and degenerative pathology within the central nervous system.
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It is a progressive disease characterised by the formation of lesions in the brain and spinal cord. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and debilitating disease affecting mainly adults early in their life.